An undigestible substance used to induce the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms (e.g. bacteria and fungi) in the gastrointestinal tract. (Environmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains, FAO, 2019 (http://www.fao.org/3/ca5562en/ca5562en.pdf))
A survey involving the chemical analysis of systematically collected samples of rock, soil, stream sediments, plants, or water; this expression may be further modified by indicating specif. the material sampled, as, for example, geochemical soil survey. (https://www.mindat.org/glossary/geochemical_survey)
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED virus or PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects the cells lining the small intestine of a pig, causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea, a condition of severe diarrhea and dehydration. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcine_epidemic_diarrhea_virus)
Karst hydrology is the study of the movement and properties of groundwater flowing through karst areas. It is the actions of this water that makes caves, sinkholes and other karst features. (National Park Service, 2024. Karst Hydrology. https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/nature/caves_karsthydro.htm)
A benchmark against which to assess the performance of management in achieving the objectives. A limit reference point is a level of a certain parameter to avoid going beyond. (FAO, 2014. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department)
Resistance genes are usually found on a ring-shaped piece of DNA, the plasmid. Like this, they can easily be passed on from one bacterium to another. Plants can possess resistance genes as well. They are usually directed against herbicides and pests. (https://www.dzif.de/en/glossary/resistance-gene)
Administration of a vaccine with the intention of inducing immunity in an animal or group of animals or humans, against one or more pathogenic agents. (Adapted from WOAH, 2023. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Glossary. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/current/glossaire.pdf)
Plant growth could be defined as the increasing of plant volume and/or mass with or without formation of new structures such as organs, tissues, cells or cell organelles. (https://www.mmnp-journal.org/articles/mmnp/pdf/2011/02/mmnp201162p1.pdf)
Ambicoloration is a form of color abnormality that occurs in flatfishes and refers to the presence of ocular-side colour and pattern on the blind side. (Adapted from Macieira, R. M., Joyeux, J.-C., & Chagas, L. P.. (2006). Ambicoloration and morphological aberration in the sole Achirus declivis (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) and two other cases of color abnormalities in achirid soles from southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 4(2), 287–290. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252006000200016)
The genus Emaravirus is part of the family Fimoviridae (order Bunyavirales) and includes plant viruses with a segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome. (Rehanek, M., von Bargen, S., Bandte, M. et al. A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak. Arch Virol 166, 987–990 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-04955-w)
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called sporozoites. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/31380)
Durable disease resistance is defined as resistance that has remained effective while a cultivar possessing it has been widely cultivated in an environment favoring the disease. (Johnson, R. (1983). Genetic Background of Durable Resistance. In: Lamberti, F., Waller, J.M., Van der Graaff, N.A. (eds) Durable Resistance in Crops. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 55. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9305-8_2)
