Terpenoids otherwise known as isoprenoids are modified terpenes where the methyl groups are either moved or removed when oxygen atoms are added to the hydrocarbon molecules. Terpenoids are found in almost all classes of living organisms. They contribute to the flavor, scents, and color of plant's leaves, flowers, and fruits. Terpenoids are also essential for plant growth and development. (Adapted from Beverly A.S. Reyes, Elsa C. Dufourt, Jennifer Ross, Michael J. Warner, Neil C. Tanquilut, Albert B. Leung, Chapter 4 - Selected Phyto and Marine Bioactive Compounds: Alternatives for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, Editor(s): Atta-ur-Rahman,Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Elsevier, Volume 55, 2018, Pages 111-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64068-0.00004-8. Accessed 26 May 2023)
Note
Although sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids (or isoprenoids) are modified terpenes that contain additional functional groups, usually oxygen-containing.
A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. (Dhruba Malakar, Hruda Nanda Malik, Dinesh Kumar, Sikander Saini, Vishal Sharma, Samreen Fatima, Kamlesh Kumari Bajwa, Satish Kumar, Chapter 3 - Stem cells: a potential regenerative medicine for treatment of diseases, Editor(s): Sukanta Mondal, Ram Lakhan Singh, Advances in Animal Genomics, Academic Press, 2021,
Pages 33-48, ISBN 9780128205952, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820595-2.00003-5)
In microbiology and virology, the term variant or genetic variant is used to describe a subtype of a microorganism that is genetically distinct from a main strain, but not sufficiently different to be termed a distinct strain. A similar distinction is made in botany between different cultivated varieties of a species of plant, termed cultivars. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_(biology))
A by-product of the production of alcohol from sugar cane. Vinasse is obtained from the fermentation and distillation of molasses; it is the main organic residue in the production of alcohol. (FAO and WHO. 2023. Code of practice for the prevention and reduction of cadmium contamination in cocoa beans. Codex Code of Practice No. CXC 81-2022. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5333en)
Incineration of waste: The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials. (http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4183)
A system of raising crops and animals, usually on large parcels of land, where a comparatively small amount of production inputs or labor are used per acre. (NALT https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/38963)
Commercial raising of grazing animals, mainly for meat, under extensive production systems usually with controlled boundaries and paddocks. (Terminology for integrated resource planning and management, FAO, 1999)
Surgical extirpation is a type of occasionally invasive surgical procedure in which an organ or tissue is completely removed or eradicated. Extirpation is used in the treatment of various medical conditions and also as a means to prevent the spread of cancer. (Wikipedia, 2024. Surgical extirpation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_extirpation)
