Chyme or chymus is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person's or animal's stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). (Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme)
The westerly winds occasionally found in the equatorial trough and separated from the midlatitude westerlies by the broad belt of easterly trade winds. (http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Equatorial_westerlies)
One of the oldest spices known to man. The spicy component of the cinnamon tree is the bark, which after fermentation is worked to remove the corky outer layer. The cleaned bark curls as it dries, assuming the appearance of a quill. In the Cassia species the outer bark is not removed. The trees grow in the Far East, China and East Africa. The dried cinnamon quills are used whole, ground and in powdered form. (FAO. Term Portal. Cinnamon. FAOTERM. March 2024. http://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/)
The condition in which the female reproductive organs (carpels) of a flower mature before the male ones (stamens), thereby ensuring that self-fertilization does not occur. (FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture, 2001)
Circadian rhythm: Circa-rhythm of metabolic, physiological or behavioral processes with a naturally synchronized period of 24 hours. (http://www.chronobiology.ch/glossary/)
Bog: a peatland that receives water and nutrients exclusively from atmospheric deposition and is isolated from laterally moving, more mineral-rich soil water. (Towards climate-responsible peatlands management, Mitigation of change in Agriculture Series No. 9, FAO, 2014 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4029e.pdf). )
Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long-term declines in target and non-target species beyond biologically safe limits, and has negative livelihood impacts. (McCarthy, H. et al. (2024) Destructive fishing: An expert-driven definition and exploration of this quasi-concept Conservation Letters https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13015)
Regenerative agriculture is a way of farming that nurtures and restores soil health, and therefore reduces water use, prevents land degradation, and promotes biodiversity. By minimizing land ploughing, practicing rotating crops, and using animal manure and compost, regenerative agriculture ensures that the soil stores more carbon, conserves more moisture, and is healthier due to thriving fungal communities. (UNDP. 2023. The Climate Dictionary. https://www.undp.org/publications/climate-dictionary)
Stunting is the impaired growth and development that children experience from poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Children are defined as stunted if their height-for-age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median. (https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2015-stunting-in-a-nutshell)
A tree of the Near East, it grows naturally in Turkey, Cyprus, the southern Caucasus, Syria and Lebanon, where it occurs in a range of riverine habitats on wet soils where it is both an early coloniser and a dominant forest tree. (Baxter, T. & McAllister, H.A. (2024), 'Alnus orientalis' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/alnus/alnus-orientalis/). Accessed 2026-01-08.)
Soured milk that is produced by the addition of an acid, with or without the addition of microbial organisms, is more specifically called acidified milk. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soured_milk)
The temperature at which the pressure exerted by molecules leaving a liquid equals the pressure exerted by the molecules in the air above it. A free-for-all of molecules leaving the liquid then ensues. (http://discovery.kcpc.usyd.edu.au//glossary-all.html)
