The whole range of educational activities, taking place in various settings (formal, non-formal and informal), that aim to meet basic learning needs. It has considerable overlap with the earlier concept 'fundamental education'. (UNESCO IIEP Learning Portal
NAVIGATION PRINCIPALE https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/glossary/b)
Note
According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), basic education comprises primary education (first stage of basic education) and lower secondary education (second stage).
Chieftaincy: a traditional system of leadership where a chief, often holding a hereditary title, serves as the primary authority over a community or group, overseeing governance, mediating disputes, and maintaining cultural practices. (Adapted from Fortes, M., & Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1940). “African Political Systems.” London: Oxford University Press, and from Ray, D. I., Reddy, P. S., & Sharma, R. (2011). “Grassroots Governance? Chiefs in Africa and the Afro-Caribbean.” Calgary: University of Calgary Press.)
Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition areas between land and sea, including large inland lakes. Coastal areas are diverse in function and form, dynamic and do not lend themselves well to definition by strict spatial boundaries. Unlike watersheds, there are no exact natural boundaries that unambiguously delineate coastal areas. (Integrated coastal area management and agriculture, forestry and fisheries
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1998
http://www.fao.org/3/w8440e/W8440e02.htm)
The transformation of a population that is characterized by high birth and death rates to one in which people tend to live longer lives and raise smaller families is called the demographic transition. (Haddock, S. & Leahy, E. & Engelman, Robert. (2008). Population Growth. International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 181-190. 10.1016/B978-012373960-5.00401-9.)
Ratio of the economically dependent part of the population (children and persons aged 65 or over) to the working-age population (aged 15-64). The result is expressed as the number of persons under 15 and aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64. Age boundaries may vary. (INED. 2025. Dependency Ratio https://www.ined.fr/en/glossary/dependency-ratio/)
Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to government at a subnational level, such as a regional, local, or state level. Devolution can be mainly financial, e.g. giving areas a budget which was formerly administered by central government. However, the power to make legislation relevant to the area may also be granted. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devolution)
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies, also known as next generation sequencing (NGS) or deep sequencing technologies, allow the sequencing of the whole genome and can be used for all types of organisms being of particular interest for non-culturable organisms (e.g. viruses and viroids, and some bacteria, oomycetes and fungi). (FAO. 2019. Preparing to use high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies as a diagnostic tool for phytosanitary purposes. Commission on Phytosanitary Measures Recommendation No. 8. Rome. Published by FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the
International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC).)
The objective of an Early Warning and Food Information System is to permit better preparation for and response to disasters in disaster-prone countries. EWFIS should be conceived as an integral part of a disaster planning strategy in providing `sentinel' monitoring of agricultural production, markets, nutritional status and population movements. It also provides a capacity for the rapid assessment of emergency needs in the event of a disaster. (FA). 1998. The Emergency Sequence: What FAO Does - How FAO Does It https://www.fao.org/4/x6870e/x6870e01.htm)
