Wood sawn longitudinally, with or without its natural rounded surface with or without bark. (IPPC Secretariat. 2023. IPPC Secretariat. 2023. Guide to regulation of wood packaging material –Understanding the phytosanitary requirements for the movement of wood packaging material in international trade. Rome, FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5059en)
Note
May also include cleft or hewn wood. Sawnwood encompasses planks, sleepers (cross-ties), beams, joists, boards, rafters, scantlings, laths, boxboards, “lumber”, and a range of other manufactured timber products.
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through material, very often wood, though sometimes metal or stone. (Wikipedia. 2026. Saw https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw)
Rotary current: A tidal current that flows continually, with the direction of flow changing through 360° during a tidal cycle. Called rotary stream in British terminology. (https://www.tides.gc.ca/eng/info/glossary)
Choline is a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline)
Fungal diseases designated as scabs characteristically appear as an overgrowth of tissue on leaves, stems, and fruit. The swollen nature of the tissue makes the lesion appear distorted or raised. Scab diseases affect fruits, vegetables and, to a lesser extent, flowering ornamentals. (Missouri Botanical Garden. 2024. Scabs. [Cited 12 November 2024]. https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/insects-pests-and-problems/diseases/scabs)
Note
Of plants. For scabs as protective crusts that form over wounds as part of the natural healing process, see "scabs (symptom)" <c_10c5fd1b >.
In zoology, a scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal. (Wikipedia, 2024. Scale (zoology) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(zoology))
Note
Integumental structures occurring on certain animals, such as fishes, reptiles, etc.
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, and organising, archives. (https://www.definitions.net/definition/archivist)
Management taking due account of all living organisms and their environment in the management area. In practice, management ensuring sustainability of target, dependent, and associated species. (FAOTERM, 2022)
Saribus rotundifolius, round-leaf fountain palm, is a palm found in Southeast Asia. It is also called footstool palm (English) and as Anáhaw or Luyong (Filipino). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saribus_rotundifolius)
Grain orientation refers to the directional arrangement of crystals (grains) in a material — most often in metals, wood, or polycrystalline materials such as rocks or ceramics. (AGROVOC team)
Frightening devices typically use sight or sound to scare animals or birds from an area. Examples include pyrotechnics, gas exploders, guard animals, strobe lights, helium filled balloons with eyespots, owl kites, reflective objects and distress calls. (Adapted from Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), 2024. Repellents and Frightening Devices https://wildlifeillinois.org/prevent-problems/repellents-and-frightening-devices/)
Note
Devices used to repel birds or other noxious animals
The spodic horizon (from Gr. spodos, wood ash) is a dark coloured subsurface horizon which contains illuvial amorphous substances composed of organic matter and aluminium, with or without iron. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/w8594e/w8594e09.htm#spodic%20horizon)
