Rumen: the first and larger compartment of the stomach of a ruminant that does not secrete acids, but harbors populations of bacteria, protozoa, and fungus that ferment food. The rumen is undeveloped at birth, but as it grows and becomes functional, the heifer begins to chew her cud. (FAO Gateway to dairy production and products, https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/resources/glossary/en/?index=r)
An animal that has a complex digestive system including a four-part stomach. They consume large amounts of fibrous food such as grass that their stomach is able to store and digest. Includes cattle, sheep, goats, deer. (RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)
Chocolate is produced from cocoa nibs, mass, press cake, powder, or liquor with or without addition of sugar, cocoa butter, aroma or flavouring substances, and optional ingredients (e.g. nuts). (FAO & WHO. 2023. General Standard for Food Additives. Codex Standard, No. CXS 192-1995. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Runoff water is an important transporting medium for various pollutants from land to surface water. Water that does not get absorbed into the soil, or rise back into the atmosphere as water vapor, will run off surfaces collecting in varied locations. (In low-lying areas, on floodplains, etc.). (Ambade, B. Chemical composition of runoff water in Raipur city, central India. Appl Water Sci 5, 1–12 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0163-0)
Proso or Common millet (Panicum miliaceum) is grown in temperate climates. The plant has open, branching, drooping panicles and is tolerant of a wide range in temperature. (Adapted from FAO and ICRISAT, 1996. The World Sorghum and Millet Economies: Facts, Trends and Outlook. https://www.fao.org/3/w1808e/w1808e00.htm )
The land tenure system is the way and conditions under which land may be used. (Multilingual thesaurus on land tenure (English version)
ISBN 92-5-104283-7
http://www.fao.org/3/a-x2038e.pdf)
An interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering, which involves design, construction, operation and use of robots. It integrates many fields, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information engineering, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computer engineering, control engineering, software engineering, and mathematics. (FAO. 2022. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9479en)
Hydrological modeling can be defined as the characterization of real hydrologic features and system by the use of small-scale physical models, mathematical analogues, and computer simulations. (Allaby, A., Allaby, M., 1999. Koppen Climate Classification. A Dictionary of Earth Sciences)
Water quality criteria developed to protect human health, aquatic life and ecosystems. The quality of water resources usually determines for what purposes the water can be used. (United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements. nd. Access information on Multilateral Environmental Agreements. Water quality standard. http://www.informea.org/terms/water-quality-standard)
Diastatic power is the combined activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, limit dextrinase, and α-glucosidase, which solubilize starch to fermentable sugar during malting. Diastatic power is a measure of how effective the malt is at converting starch to sugar. It is is an important quality trait for malt used in brewing and distilling. (Adated from: Ribeiro, G. O. Jr., M. L. Swift and T. A. McAllister. 2016. Effect of diastatic power and processing index on the feed value of barley grain for finishing feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 3370-3381; Farber, M. and R. Barth. 2019. Raw Materials: Malt, in Mastering Brewing Science: Quality and Production. John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA, p. 146.Looseley, M. O., M. Bayer, H. Bull, L. Ramsay, W. Thomas, A. Booth,C. De La Fuente-Canto, J. Morris, P. E. Hedley and J. Russell. 2017. Association mapping of diastatic power in UK winter and spring barley by exome sequencing of phenotypically contrasting variety sets. Front. Plant Sci. 8: 1566.)
