Dug-out ponds are ponds constructed by excavating soil from an area to form a hole which is then filled with water. They are usually undrainable and fed by rainfall, surface runoff or groundwater. (Adapted from FAO, 2003. FAO Training Series: Simple Methods for Aquaculture. Pond construction for freshwater fish culture. CD-ROM. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6708e/x6708e01.htm)
A group of salts formed by neutralization of phosphorous or phosphoric acid with a base, such as NaOH or KOH. (Sikorski CF and Weintritt DJ: "Polyphosphate Drilling-Mud Thinners Deserve Second Look," Oil & Gas Journal 81, no. 27 (July 4, 1983): 71-78.)
Gosling is a young goose up until feathers have replaced all of their down. (The Livestock Conservancy. 2024. ANIMAL TERMS AND THEIR PROPER USAGE. https://livestockconservancy.org/resources/animal-terms/)
Cimbex quadrimaculatus is a large sawfly species in the family Cimbicidae. It is one of the serious pests of almonds in Turkey and worldwide. (Adapted from Cakici, Filiz & Özgen, inanç & Bolu, Halil & Bayramoğlu, Zeynep & Demirbag, Zihni & Demir, Ibrahim. (2014). Highly effective bacterial agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae): isolation of bacteria and their insecticidal activities. World journal of microbiology & biotechnology. 31. 10.1007/s11274-014-1764-3.)
Phosphorus, an essential mineral, is naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement. Phosphorus is a component of bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. In the form of phospholipids, phosphorus is also a component of cell membrane structure and of the body’s key energy source, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (National Institutes of Health. 2023. Phosphorus. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Phosphorus-HealthProfessional/)
The science and art of taking accurate measurements from photographs. (UN ECE, 2005. Land Administration in the UNECE Region. Development trends and main principles. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, New York and Geneva. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/documents/Publications/landadmin.devt.trends.e.pdf)
Photoperiodicity is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals. (Oregon State University. 2025. Glossary. https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/eisi/participants/glossary)
Photosensitivity refers to various symptoms, diseases, and photodermatoses caused or exacerbated by exposure to sunlight. (Oakley AM, Badri T, Harris BW. Photosensitivity. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431072/)
Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes known informally as ghost sharks, rat fish, spookfish, or rabbit fish; the last three names are not to be confused with rattails, Opisthoproctidae, or Siganidae, respectively. Their closest living relatives are sharks and rays, though their last common ancestor with them lived nearly 400 million years ago. Living species are largely confined to deep water. (Wikipedia, 2024. Chimaera. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimaera)
Sucking and biting lice. Lice are unique among the insects in being ectoparasitic in both the juvenile and adult stages; indeed all stages of the life-cycle are spent on the host’s body. (Royal Entomological Society. 2025. Phthiraptera. https://www.royensoc.co.uk/understanding-insects/classification-of-insects/phthiraptera/)
