A reduction fishery is one that uses, or ‘reduces’, its catch to produce fishmeal or fish oil rather than for direct human consumption. (Marine Stewardship Council. 2017. https://www.msc.org/media-centre/news-opinion/news/2020/02/21/can-reduction-fisheries-be-sustainable)
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These fisheries typically target small pelagic (midwater) species like anchovies, herring and capelin. Other species lower down the food chain, like krill are also caught for reduction.
The lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), also known as the Asiatic yam, presents the highest agro-economic potential among the minor yam species. (V. Lebot, K. Abraham, M. Melteras. The lesser yam Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill: a neglected crop with high functional food potential. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2025, 72, pp.5071-5091. ⟨10.1007/s10722-024-02296-6⟩.)
A by-product of the industrial production of starch, wheat gluten is the preferred cereal gluten for food purposes. Uses include enriching protein in flours for bread, pasta, etc. (Draft Definition and Classification of Commodities, W2979, FAO, 1996.)
Digestate is the remaining part of organic matter treated by anaerobic digestion, rich in nutrients and nitrogen, commonly used as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. (EBA European Biogas Association DigestateFactsheet)
The Lemon Bush (Lippia javanica) is a strongly fragrant, medicinal plant indigenous to southern and tropical Africa. A hardy, untidy, multi-stemmed shrub of the open grassveld and bushveld, it gives off an intense lemon scent when crushed. Traditionally the leaves have been used for their strong scent as an insect repellant and placed in linen cupboards and potpourri jars, or medicinally in an infusion for fevers, ’flu, coughs, colds and chest complaints. The plant has also been used topically for treating skin rashes and, in strong concentrations, scabies and lice. (http://www.botanicalsociety.org.za/ProjectsAndActivities/Useful%20Plants/13%20The%20Lemon%20Bush%20Sept.%202010.pdf)
Parent stock (males and females) kept to produce fertile eggs for commercial laying hen production. (RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)
Apparent food consumption refers to the amount of food available for human consumption and differs from effective food consumption, which is the actual quantity of food eaten and can be measured through household or individual food consumption surveys. (FAO. 2024. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 – Blue Transformation in action. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0683en)
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Measure of food available for human consumption. For food consumption at the local, regional, or national level see "food consumption "<c_3016>; for the quantity of food eaten by an individual person use "food intake" <c_3022> .
The infiltration of alleles or genes from one species into another via hybridization. First generation hybrids (F1 hybrids) have equal genetic contribution from both parents but genes from the two species begin to segregate differentially in subsequent generations. (Basavaraju, Y., Penman, D.J. & Mair, G.C. 2004. Handbook on genetic management of carps: A Guide to theoretical and practical aspects of genetic management of carps in hatcheries. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.)
Digital technology is an all-encompassing term to refer to computerized tools that generate, store and use data for a variety of purposes. (FAO. 2020. The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2020. Agricultural markets and sustainable development: Global value chains, smallholder farmers and digital innovations. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0665en)
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the urethra that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the urinary bladder. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void. (MeSH. 2025. Urethral Obstruction. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014524)
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. (Prosser, C. Ladd (1991). Comparative Animal Physiology, Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss. pp. 1–12. ISBN 978-0-471-85767-9.)
It is a perennial climbing plant species with yellow flowers, poisonous red berries, and poisonous black root tubers. (Translated from http://ibuflora.ibu.edu.tr/tur/dioscorea-communis)
Functional properties (e.g. pharmacological action) of a chemical or complex substance on living organisms. (https://www.cabi.org/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=33635&s=5&t=2)
Note
For biological activity as interactions of living organisms, see biocoenosis.
