Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are volatile fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota in the large bowel as fermentation products from food components that are unabsorbed/undigested in the small intestine; they are characterized by containing fewer than six carbons, existing in straight, and branched-chain conformation. (Ríos-Covián D, Ruas-Madiedo P, Margolles A, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Salazar N. Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and their Link with Diet and Human Health. Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 17;7:185. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00185. PMID: 26925050; PMCID: PMC4756104.)
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Most volatile fatty acids are also short chain fatty acids, but not all short chain fatty acids are volatile enough to be considered volatile fatty acids. In some cases they are used interchangeably.
A fishing vessel that uses lines and hooks, with or without a bait. Examples are: handliner, longliner, pole-and-line vessels. Vessels of all sizes can be liners, depending on the method of line fishing, area of operation and species to be caught. (Commission of the European Communities (1990): Glossarium of fishing vessels and safety on board.: 503 p.)
All domesticated birds used for the production of meat or eggs for consumption, for the production of other commercial products, for restocking, supplies of game, or for breeding these categories of birds. (FAOTERM, 2024 Poultry https://www.fao.org/faoterm/viewEntry/en/?entryId=168175)
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Domesticated birds that are kept for their meat, eggs or feathers
Poultry meats are the muscular tissues including adhering fat and skin from poultry carcasses as prepared for wholesale distribution. The entire product may be consumed. (FAO & WHO. 1993. Portion of Commodities to which Maximum Residue Limits Apply and which is Analyzed. CAC/GL 41-1993)
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includes meat derived from domesticated avian species including chicken, duck, Muscovy duck, goose, guinea fowl, turkey, quail and pigeon.
A photometer is an instrument that measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation in the range from ultraviolet to infrared and including the visible spectrum. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometer)
Arizona is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. (Wikipedia. 2026. Arizona. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona)
