The process in which pollen is transferred from an anther to a receptive stigma by pollinating agents such as wind, insects, birds, bats, or the opening of the flower itself. (FAO. 2014. Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rev. ed. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/a-i3704e.pdf)
Pollinator: animal that moves compatible pollen to a receptive stigma of the same plant species, such that fertilization and seed production can occur. (The pollination of cultivated plants: a compendium for practitioners-Vol. 2, FAO, 2018 (http://www.fao.org/3/I9184EN/i9184en.pdf).
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The process of removing or stopping the growth of the horns of livestock. Cattle, sheep, and goats are dehorned for economic and safety reasons. (FAOTERM, 2024. Dehorning. https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/)
Pollutant: A contaminant that in a certain concentration or amount will adversely alter the physical, chemical, or biological function of the environment; includes pathogens, heavy metals, carcinogens, oxygen-demanding materials, and all other harmful substances, including dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, and industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes discharged into the environment. (Adapted from Clark, J.R. (1996) Coastal zone management handbook. New York, Lewis Publ. 694 p.)
The introduction by human activities, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the environment resulting in deleterious effects on living organisms. (Anonymous (1998) AQUALEX. Multilingual glossary of aquaculture terms / Glossaire multilingue relatif aux termes utilisés en aquaculture. CD ROM, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. & Praxis Publ., UK.)
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Of the environment; for plants, animals or products use <28317>
Any of a variety of means employed to limit damage done to the environment by the discharge of harmful substances and energies. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
The production of more than one embryo from a single egg cell (in animals) or from a range of embryogenic cell types (in plants). These embryos are genetically identical to one another. (FAO, 2001. FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture)
An combination of different methods and techniques for diverting and/or pumping, storing, transporting and distributing (ground, surface and rain) water to agricultural crops. (Adapted from Ofosu, Eric & van der Zaag, Pieter & van de Giesen, Nick & Odai, S.. (2010). Productivity of irrigation technologies in the White Volta basin. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 35. 706-716. 10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.005.)
Cultivation, management and harvesting of marine organisms in the sea, in specially constructed rearing facilities e.g. cages, pens and long-lines. (FAO Glossary of aquaculture, 2008)
The presence of at least two different genetic variants or alleles at a given locus. (Ajmone-Marsan, P., Boettcher, P.J., Colli, L., Ginja, C, Kantanen J. & Lenstra, J.A., eds. 2023.
Genomic characterization of animal genetic resources – Practical guide. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 32. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3079en)
Comprising four key aspects: diversity (within and across food groups), adequacy (sufficiency of all essential nutrients compared to requirements), moderation (foods and nutrients that are related to poor health outcomes) and balance (energy and macronutrient intake). Foods consumed should be safe. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2024. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 – Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254en)
