A microbiologist is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes.Microbiologists study microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites. They try to understand how these organisms live, grow, and interact with their environments. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiologist and Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Microbiologists,
at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/microbiologists.htm (visited January 06, 2023).)
Alisols have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil, as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a low base saturation in the 50–100 cm depth. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and humid temperate regions. Many Alisols correlate with Parabraunerden (Germany), Argissolos (Brazil), Ultisols with high-activity clays (United States of America), Kurosols (Australia), and Fersialsols and Sols fersiallitiques très lessivés (France). (IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.)
Residues of veterinary drugs include the parent compounds and/or their metabolites in any edible portion of the animal product and include residues of associated impurities of the veterinary drug concerned. (FAO and WHO. 2023. Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual. Twenty-eighth edition, revised. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5042en)
Note
Specified substances in food, agricultural commodities, or animal feed resulting from the use of veterinary drugs
The uppermost zone in the soil profile, from which soluble salts and colloids are leached, and in which organic matter has accumulated. Generally this represents the most fertile soil layer. (Scientific-Information Center ICWC, 2024. Glossary Water Management. http://www.cawater-info.net/bk/glossary/index_e.htm)
National agricultural research systems (NARS) are defined, in a given country, as encompassing all institutions public or private devoting full time or partially their activities to agricultural research and committed to a national research agenda. (Adapted from Beye, Gora. 2002. Impact of Foreign Assistance on Institutional Development of National Agricultural Research Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa https://www.fao.org/4/Y4349E/y4349e05.htm)
Note
National agricultural research systems comprise national agricultural research institutes, agricultural universities, private-sector firms, NGOs, and farmers’ organizations.
The illuminated, uppermost layer of the ocean (from 0 to 200 m depth). (FAO, 2017. A guide to the eggs and larvae of 100 common Western Mediterranean Sea bony fish species https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i7708en)