Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants.. (Wikipedia, 2024. Freesia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesia)
Groundnut, or peanut, is an important oilseed and food crop native to South America. The botanical name for groundnut is Arachis hypogaea Linn. Groundnut is an upright or prostrate annual plant. It is generally distributed in the tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate zones. (Adapted from FAO, 2002. GROUNDNUT: Post-harvest Operations https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Groundnut.pdf)
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Note: the names peanut and groundnut are interchangeable. The former is more used in American English while the latter is more used in international literature.
There are several species of Tropilaelaps mites, notably Tropilaelaps clareae and T. koenigerum. Each species has a different geographic range, but they are all found in Asia. These mites are external parasites that feed on brood (bee larva and pupae) and cause an irregular pattern of sealed and unsealed brood as well as deformities in adults. They spread by direct contact from bee to bee or by movement of brood. (Aizen, M.A., Basu, P. , Bienefeld, K., Biesmeijer, J.C., Garibaldi, L.A., Gemmill-Herren, B, Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L., Klein, A-L., Potts, S.G., Seymour C.L. & Vanbergen, A.J. 2023. Sustainable use and conservation of invertebrate pollinators. Background Study Paper, No. 72. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, FAO.)
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a process in which water in the form of ice under low pressure is removed from a material by sublimation. This process has found many applications for the production of high quality food and pharmaceuticals. (Nowak D, Jakubczyk E. The Freeze-Drying of Foods-The Characteristic of the Process Course and the Effect of Its Parameters on the Physical Properties of Food Materials. Foods. 2020 Oct 18;9(10):1488. doi: 10.3390/foods9101488. PMID: 33080983; PMCID: PMC7603155.)
Large supply of a commodity that is bought and stored when available in abundance, and sold when in short supply, in order to control its price and quantity in the economy. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
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Emergency stocks reduce consumer vulnerability during supply disruptions or price shocks in emergencies, whereas buffer stocks stabilize domestic market prices to avoid excessive volatility, benefiting both consumers and producers.
Acarus siro L. (Astigmatina: Acaridae), known as flour mite, is an important pest of stored food, infesting many types of grains (feeding primarily on the germ), flour and cheese. (Barbosa, M. F. de C., Correa, A. S., & Moraes, G. J. (2022). Acarus siro L. (Astigmatina: Acaridae): first confirmed record for Brazil based on morphological and molecular characterization. Journal of Stored Products Research, 97, 1-6. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2022.101958)
