Cumulative body of knowledge (for example know-how), practices and manifestations maintained and developed by Indigenous Peoples with long histories of interaction with their natural environment. Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge is adapted to the local culture and transmitted orally from generation to generation. (FAO. 2021. The White/Wiphala Paper on Indigenous Peoples' food systems. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4932en )
"Urban" agriculture refers to small areas (e.g. vacant plots, gardens, verges, balconies, containers) within the city for growing crops and raising small livestock or milk cows for own-consumption or sale in neighborhood markets. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
Sunflower meal is the by-product of the extraction of oil from sunflower seeds. A wide variety of products are available on the market, from low-quality straw-like meals to high-quality flours. Sunflower meals can be made from whole or decorticated seeds, and can be mechanically and/or solvent-extracted. (https://www.feedipedia.org/node/732)
A broader set of procedures and principles used to conduct an activity or assessment, including the methods employed, the assumptions made and the ways the results are interpreted and communicated. (Adapted from Riemer, O., Mairaj Shah, T. & Müller, A. 2023. The role of true cost accounting in guiding agrifood businesses and investments towards sustainability – Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper, No. 23-13. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8422en)
The condition in which an individual has both male and female reproductive structures. (https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=45325&n=1&s=5&t=2)
The concept of postsocialism was introduced to describe the transition from a socialist to a capitalist system and the new cultural practices emerging in response to this transition. (Ferrari. F. 2025. Performing Postsocialism in Twenty-First-Century China https://www.fwf.ac.at/en/research-radar/10.55776/PAT9791923)
Lodging incidence: A count (or proportion) of plants lodged in a given area. This is a per-plot measurement. (Rajandeep S. Sekhon, Chase N. Joyner, Arlyn J. Ackerman, Christopher S. McMahan, Douglas D. Cook, Daniel J. Robertson, Stalk Bending Strength is Strongly Associated with Maize Stalk Lodging Incidence Across Multiple Environments, Field Crops Research, Volume 249, 2020, 107737, ISSN 0378-4290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107737)
Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. (Wikipedia, 2024. Herons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron)
Dietary guidelines (also known as food-based dietary guidelines) are intended to establish a basis for public food and nutrition, health and agricultural policies and nutrition education programmes to foster healthy eating habits and lifestyles. They provide advice on foods, food groups and dietary patterns to provide the required nutrients to the general public to promote overall health and prevent chronic diseases. (FAO. 2026. Dietary guidelines. https://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/dietary-guidelines/home/en/)
Ochre is oxidized iron that precipitates and settles in streams as a rusty red layer on the bottom and plants. Serious ochre pollution occurs especially when draining iron-rich and lime-poor soils. (Translated from Naturstyrelsen. n.d. Okkerbekæmpelse. https://naturstyrelsen.dk/ny-natur/andre-naturprojekter/tilskudsordninger/okkerbekaempelse)
A nucleic acid fragment, labeled by a radioisotope, biotin, etc., that is complementary to a sequence in another nucleic acid (fragment) and that will, by hydrogen binding to the latter, locate or identify it and be detected. (Termium, 2024. https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/)
A piece of DNA that has been labeled, usually radioactively or with a fluorescent dye, which is used in hybridization studies. Applications include Northern and Southern blots, in situ hybridization techniques, and diagnostic tests. DNA probes can be highly specific or degenerate. (National Cancer Institute (NCI). NCIthesaurus. DNA Probes (Code C451). https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C451)
Seed osmopriming is a pre-sowing treatment in which seeds are soaked in osmotic solutions to undergo the first stage of germination prior to radicle protrusion. Seed osmopriming enhances germination performance under stressful environmental conditions, making it an effective method to improve plant resistance and yield. (Ma L, Wei J, Han G, Sun X, Yang X (2024) Seed osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG) enhances seed germination and seedling physiological traits of Coronilla varia L. under water stress. PLOS ONE 19(5): e0303145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303145)
Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a mutagene family; supergenes or pseudogenes. (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&index=18885&field=all&HM=&II=&PA=&form=&input=)
Herbal teas are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water. The term "herbal tea" is often used in contrast to true teas (e.g., black, green, white, yellow, oolong), which are prepared from the cured leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_tea)
