A tick-borne infection by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme borreliosis typically presents with a characteristic rash, erythema chronicum migrans, at an average of seven days after a bite from an infected tick. The rash may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms. Disseminated infection may cause meningitis, cranial neuropathies and carditis amongst other manifestations. Late disease, months to years after initial infection, may present with a pauciarticular arthritis or with encephalomyelitis. (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), World Health Organization (WHO) 2019/2021 https://icd.who.int/browse11. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO).)
Marasmus is a manifestation of severe dietary malnutrition which occurs as a result of a calorie deficiency. Marasmus is associated with a better prognosis than kwashiorkor but it is still associated with relatively high mortality. (Titi-Lartey OA, Gupta V. Marasmus. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559224/)
Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) is a member of the genus Carlavirus and has a widespread distribution among chrysanthemum producing countries. (Read, D.A., Pietersen, G., Slippers, B. et al. Chrysanthemum virus B and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid infect chrysanthemum in South Africa. Australasian Plant Dis. Notes 17, 29 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-022-00478-8)
Set on the arc of the Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe is actually made up of an archipelago of seven islands. Guadeloupe is a French overseas department, since the law of 19 March 1946. (Ministère de la Culture - DAC Guadeloupe https://www.culture.gouv.fr/en/Regions/Dac-Guadeloupe/The-Directorate-of-Cultural-Affairs-DAC-of-Guadeloupe/Guadeloupe-in-brief)
Oat straw is the dried stems and leaves of the cereal crops Avena sativa or Avena byzantina after harvesting or cutting for grain. (AGROVOC Team, 2025)
A state where fished populations are not able to easily recover to the pre-harvest number of animals or to levels where the populations can increase in numbers, i.e. a state of negative per-capita population growth. (Fagetti, E., Privett, D.W., Sears & J.R.L. (comps.) and Hudson, J. (rev.) (2000) Aquatic sciences and fisheries thesaurus. Descriptors used in the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System. Rome, FAO, ASFIS Reference Series (6, Rev. 2).)
Parasitoid: an organism that, as it develops, lives in or on the body of a single host individual, eventually killing that individual. (Bullor, L., Braude, H., Monzón, J., Cotes Prado, A. M., Casavola, V., Carbajal Morón., N. & Risopoulos, J.2024. Bioinputs: Investment opportunities in Latin America. Directions in investment No. 9. Rome, FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc9060en)
Any product that may spoil or otherwise become unfit for consumption or use because of its nature, type, or physical condition. (Adapted from FAO. 2025. Food safety and quality in the Near East and North Africa – Mapping drivers, challenges and imperatives. Cairo. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6725en)
A highly toxic phosphorus hydride that is formed naturally via the anaerobic decay of phosphorus-containing organic matter or is prepared by an alkali metal hydroxide or white phosphorus hydrolysis reaction. Phosphine is used in industrial processes, in flame retardant production, and as a pesticide. It is characterized as a colorless gas that is odorless when pure. Exposure occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or contact. (National Cancer Institute (NCI). NCIthesaurus. Phosphine (Code C163691). :https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C163691)
