Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects a wide variety of mammals and causes the disease neosporosis. (https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-barc/beltsville-agricultural-research-center/animal-parasitic-diseases-laboratory/docs/neosporosis/)
The cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, is an invasive pest native to southern Europe and North Africa. It feeds on plants in the mallow family, including the agricultural commodities cotton, okra, hibiscus, cocoa, and kenaf. (Saveer AM, Hu J, Strickland J, Krueger R, Clafford S, Zhang A. Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. Insects. 2024 Jan 17;15(1):65. doi: 10.3390/insects15010065. PMID: 38249071; PMCID: PMC10816881.)
The banana aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa) are the insect vectors of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), the viral cause of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). The aphids can acquire and transmit the banana virus during their feeding on infected banana cells. (https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/bbtd/aphid_control.asp)
Mountain pine or hook pine (Pinus uncinata) is a small hardy conifer native to the mountainous regions of western and central Europe. Ecologically, Mountain pine plays a crucial role in stabilizing soils in alpine and subalpine zones, preventing erosion, and providing habitat. (European Forest Genetic Resources Programme. 2026. Pinus uncinata https://www.euforgen.org/species/pinus-uncinata)
Lard is fat rendered from the fatty tissue of swine. (FAO & WHO. 2023. General Standard for Food Additives. Codex Standard, No. CXS 192-1995. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a member of the genus Polerovirus and family Solemoviridae. It is one of the most important potato viruses worldwide but particularly devastating in countries with limited resources and management. (Wikipedia. 2024. Potato leafroll virus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_leafroll_virus)
