The built-up or densely populated area containing the city proper; suburbs, and continuously settled commuter areas; definitions of urban areas vary by countries. (Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Urban Forestry in the Asia-Pacific Region - Situation and Prospects, Working Paper No: APFSOS/WP/44, FAO, 1998 (https://www.fao.org/3/x1577e/X1577E13.htm).)
Note
There is no global definition for an urban area. Different countries use different criteria to define urban and rural areas, which reflect their various perspectives as to what constitute different levels of urbanization However, methodology exists to define the degree or urbanization of a specific area.
Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. (Definition of indicator "Urban population (% of total population)" [SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS]
World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/sustainable-development-goals-(sdgs)/series/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS)
The movement of people from one urban area to another urban area for the purpose of establishing a new residence. (Sironi, A. C. Bauloz and M. Emmanuel (eds.), 2019. Glossary on Migration. International Migration Law, No. 34. International Organization for Migration (IOM), Geneva. https://publications.iom.int/books/international-migration-law-ndeg34-glossary-migration)
Urbanization is a complex socio-economic process that transforms the built environment, converting formerly rural into urban settlements, while also shifting the spatial distribution of a population from rural to urban areas. (World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
ISBN: 978-92-1-148319-2
https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf)
The distance around the boundary of a circle is called the circumference. The distance across a circle through the centre is called the diameter. (Newcastle University. Geometry of a Circle https://www.ncl.ac.uk/webtemplate/ask-assets/external/maths-resources/core-mathematics/geometry/geometry-of-a-circle.html)
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two –NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea)
Substance that inhibits urease enzyme’s hydrolytic action on urea. (FAO. 2019. The international Code of Conduct for the sustainable use and management of fertilizers. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA5253EN)
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. (National Cancer Institute, 2024. NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Ureter. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ureter)
A tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body in both the sexes. It also has a reproductive function in the male by providing a passage for sperm. (MeSH. 2025. Urethra. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014521)
Floating gardens are farms made on water bodies where vegetables and other edible products can be grown. (Adapted from TECA https://teca.apps.fao.org/teca/fr/technologies/8867 and India Water Portal https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/floating-gardens-landless)
CAS No. 69-93-2. Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. (Adapted from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uric_acid)
The organs that make urine and remove it from the body. The urinary tract is divided into two parts. The upper urinary tract includes the kidneys and ureters. The lower urinary tract includes the bladder and urethra. Also called urinary system. (National Cancer Institute, 2024. NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Urinary tract https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/urinary-tract)
The agrifood sector refers to the part of the economy that encompasses all activities related to the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of agricultural products and food items. It includes agricultural production, food processing industries, wholesale and retail trade, transportation, and food services. (AGROVOC Team, 2023)
Pekmez (Turkish: pekmez, from Oghuz Turkic bekmes) is a molasses-like syrup obtained after condensing juices of fruit must, especially grape by boiling it with a coagulant agent. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekmez)
A type of cheese obtained by mixing telemenin in hot water, very salty, easily separated into fibers, usually consumed fresh, and so called because its slices are similar to the tongue. (http://www.tubaterim.gov.tr/)
