Taxes or financial charges imposed by a government on goods and services imported from other countries. They provide a price advantage to domestically produced goods over similar imported ones and increase government revenues. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
Land speculation is the purchase of land with the intention of selling it, generally quickly, at a substantial profit. (Multilingual thesaurus on land tenure (English version)
ISBN 92-5-104283-7
http://www.fao.org/3/a-x2038e.pdf)
Enzyme inactivation is generally explained as a chemical process involving several phenomena like aggregation, dissociation into subunits, or denaturation (conformational changes), which occur simultaneously during the inactivation of a specific enzyme. (M. Polakovič, P. Vrábel, V. Báleš: Approaches for improved identification of mechanisms of enzyme inactivation, Editor(s): A. Ballesteros, F.J. Plou, J.L. Iborra, P.J. Halling,
Progress in Biotechnology, Elsevier, Volume 15, 1998, Pages 77-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-0423(98)80013-0.)
The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods. (MeSH, 2024, Back. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68001415)
A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. (Adapted from: National Cancer Institute (NCI). NCIthesaurus. Tartaric Acid (Code C47744). https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C47744)
Taxon: term used to describe a taxonomic category or group (e.g. phylum, order, family, genus or species). A taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family, genus, or species. (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Caudullo, G., De Rigo, D., Mauri, A. et al., European atlas of forest tree species, Caudullo, G.(editor), De Rigo, D.(editor), Mauri, A.(editor), Houston Durrant, T.(editor), San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2016, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/776635)
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is defined as the amount of a specified oxidant that reacts with the sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. (https://www.standardmethods.org/doi/10.2105/SMWW.2882.103)
Note
Chemical oxygen demand is often used as a measurement of pollutants in wastewater and natural waters.
Movement of animals or other mobile organisms that is inducible and takes place in a direction related to that of the stimulus, such as the movement of the flagellate protozoan, Euglena, towards light in positive phototaxis. (https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=24732&n=1&s=5&t=2)
Note
Use for orientation movement of animals and other organisms with mobility (e.g., flagella, motile cilia, appendages) in response to a stimulus; For movement in plants and other non-mobile organisms USE tropisms. (NAL)
The integration of technologies within the natural boundaries of a drainage area for optimum development of land, water, and plant resources to meet the basic needs of people and animals in a sustainable manner. (Wani, S.P.; Garg, K.K. 2009. Watershed management concept and principles. Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).)
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. (Wageningen University and Research eDepot. Glossary Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding https://edepot.wur.nl/571324)
