The thickness of the layer of water affected by the Ekman spiral, Ekman surface drift, and hence Ekman divergence; a function of wind speed and latitude: DE ~= 4.3 W /(sin f)1/2 (where DE = Ekman Layer depth, W is wind velocity, and f is the latitude, in appropriate units), approximately 50 m for a wind of 10 m sec-1 at 45° N. (Johnson, R.K., B.J. Zahuranec, D. Boltovskoy and A.C. Pierrot-Bults. 2000. Glossary of Pelagic Biogeographic Terms.
https://scor-int.org/Working_Groups/WG93_Glossary.pdf)
A sequencing protocol that drives nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) in an electric field through nanopores allowing single molecule sequence analysis. (MeSH, 2024. Nanopore Sequencing https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nanopore+Sequencing)
The Holocene is the geological epoch that began approximately 11700 years BP and continues to the present. (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Caudullo, G., De Rigo, D., Mauri, A. et al., European atlas of forest tree species, Caudullo, G.(editor), De Rigo, D.(editor), Mauri, A.(editor), Houston Durrant, T.(editor), San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2016, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/776635)
A group of porous, fine grained natural minerals used for fertilizers and other agricultural applications. (UNBIS http://metadata.un.org/thesaurus/1007123)
Large language models (LLMs) are large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on massive amounts of data to understand human languages. Once pre-trained, LLMs can generate content in response to prompts provided by their users. (Adapted from: Fang, X., Che, S., Mao, M. et al. Bias of AI-generated content: an examination of news produced by large language models. Sci Rep 14, 5224 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55686-2)
A poverty trap is a self-perpetuating condition, in which an economy suffers from persistent underdevelopment, vicious circle of poverty, created by circular causation due to the presence of some external economies and/or strategic complementarities. (https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2700-1)
Opopanax chironium, common name Hercules-all-heal,also known as sweet myrrh or bisabol myrrh is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opopanax_chironium)
Whole wheat bread or wholemeal bread is a type of bread made using flour that is partly or entirely milled from whole or almost-whole wheat grains, see whole-wheat flour and whole grain. It is one kind of brown bread. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_wheat_bread)
Note
What is defined as wholemeal or wholegrain bread varies between countries, often based on what percentage of the grain with which a bread had been made, has to be whole grain.
Maize meal is a is a relatively coarse flour, but can also have medium and fine consistency. It is prepared from fully mature, sound, ungerminated, whole kernels of maize, Zea mays L., by a grinding process in which the entire grain is comminuted to a suitable degree of fineness. It is a common staple food. It is also used as animal and fish feed. (Adapted from CODEX, 2019. STANDARD FOR WHOLE MAIZE (CORN) MEAL, CXS 154-1985. Adopted in 1985. Revised in 1995. Amended in 2019. Accessed 25 May 2023.)
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. (Wikipedia, 2024. Atropine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine)
