Pest: any species, variety or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent harmful to plants and plant products, materials or environments. These include vectors of parasites or pathogens of human and animal diseases and animals harmful to public health. (Bullor, L., Braude, H., Monzón, J., Cotes Prado, A. M., Casavola, V., Carbajal Morón., N. & Risopoulos, J.2024. Bioinputs: Investment opportunities in Latin America. Directions in investment No. 9. Rome, FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc9060en)
Domesticated animals kept primarily for companionship, entertainment, or protection rather than for work or food, (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
The stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem. (Undersander, Dan. (2019). Forage Plant Structure, Function, Nutrition, and Growth. 10.1016/B978-0-12-812919-7.00001-9.)
An oily liquid, made of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with small amounts of other substances, that occurs in many places in the upper strata of the earth; is prepared for use as gasoline, naphtha, or other products by various refining processes. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2024. Environmental Health Sciences Glossary https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/glossary citing U.S. National Library of Medicine)
A term used to describe the hydrogen ion activity of a solution or a soil. The pH of pure water is 7 and is referred to as neutral. A solution of pH less than 7 is said to be acid whereas a solution of pH above 7 is said to be alkaline. (FAO. 2008. Glossary of aquaculture. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/a1555m)
Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humusrich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems are either free of secondary carbonates or have them only at greater depths. They all have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. Commonly used names for many Phaeozems are Brunizems (Argentina and France), Dark grey forest soils and Leached and Podzolized chernozems (former Soviet Union), Tschernoseme (Germany) and Chernossolos (Brazil). In the Soil Map of the World (FAO–UNESCO, 1971–1981) they belong to the Phaeozems and partly to the Greyzems. Dusky-red prairie soils was their name in older systems of the United States of America, where most of them now belong to Udolls and Albolls. (IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.)
Cells that can carry out the process of phagocytosis (the engulfing and degradation of microorganisms). (MeSH, 2024. Phagocytes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68010586)
