Brachypodium distachyon, commonly called purple false brome or stiff brome, is a grass species native to southern Europe, northern Africa and southwestern Asia east to India. It is related to the major cereal grain species wheat, barley, oats, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, and millet. It has many qualities that make it an excellent model organism for functional genomics research in temperate grasses, cereals, and dedicated biofuel crops such as switchgrass. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachypodium_distachyon)
In biology, cell signaling or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. (Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling)
A submarine pipeline is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench. Submarine pipelines are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. (Wikipedia. 2025. Submarine pipeline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_pipeline)
Aphids (Aphidoidea) are an insect superfamily from the order Hemiptera, which includes about 10 families or subfamilies and about 5000 species. Aphids are widespread sap-feeding plant pests and can transmit at least 30 % of plant viruses. (Romanov DA, Zakharov IA, Shaikevich EV. Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsia symbiotic bacteria in aphids (Aphidoidea). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2020 Oct;24(6):673-682. doi: 10.18699/VJ20.661. PMID: 33659853; PMCID: PMC7716544.)
All acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit, irrespective of biological or legal family ties, or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence as the victim. (Council of Europe (2011). Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Council of Europe Treaty Series No 210.)
Juniperus foetidissima, with common names foetid juniper or stinking juniper, is a juniper tree species in the family Cupressaceae. (https://en.wikipedia.org)
Foods eaten regularly, and in such quantities as to constitute the dominant part of the diet and supply a major proportion of total dietary energy. The main kinds of staple foods are cereals (e.g. rice, maize, wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, sorghum), roots and tubers (e.g. potatoes, cassava, yams) and legumes (e.g. beans, lentils, soybean). (Menza, V. & Probart, C. 2013. Eating well for good health. Lessons on nutrition and healthy diets. Rome, FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i3261e)
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an image formed by a lens. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography)
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an equine pathogen that causes a persistent infection in horses with a variety of clinical presentations including respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death, and neurologic disease. EHV-1 is a species in the genus Varicellovirus of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. (Adapted from Oladunni FS, Horohov DW, Chambers TM. EHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry. Front Microbiol. 2019 Dec 3;10:2668. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02668. PMID: 31849857; PMCID: PMC6901505.)
A habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously. (Butler, Gillian; Hope, Tony; Grey, Nick (2018) [1995]. Managing Your Mind: The Mental Fitness Guide (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.)
An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclinometer)
The main goal of completing a dietary nutrition assessment is to acquire the most accurate intake levels, cooking method, type of food, and time of consumption for all food and beverages. (Driskell, J. A., & Wolinsky, I. (2011). Nutritional assessment of athletes. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.)
Water waves are mechanical waves with restoring force provided by gravity and, similar to electromagnetic waves, are classical waves. (Zhu, S., Zhao, X., Han, L. et al. Controlling water waves with artificial structures. Nat Rev Phys 6, 231–245 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-024-00701-8)
An urban watershed is defined as including urban and downtown areas, city neighborhoods, suburban municipalities, and unincorporated areas characterized by encroaching urban sprawl. (ASFA Thesaurus)
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. At depths of 3,000 to 6,000 metres (9,800 to 19,700 ft), this zone remains in perpetual darkness (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_zone)
