Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is an electromagnetic (EM) technique using radar principles at radio frequency to estimate water content and electrical conductivity of soil. (Topp, G. C., & Ferre, T. (2023). Time-domain reflectometry. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Second Edition (pp. V5-436-V5-443). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00284-6)
Progoitrin is a biochemical from the glucosinolate family that is found in some food, which is inactive but after ingestion is converted to goitrin. Goitrin decreases the thyroid hormone production. (Wikipedia. 2025. Progoitrin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progoitrin)
A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (MeSH. 2025. Sphingolipids. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013107)
Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. They may be considered as sphingolipids with an attached carbohydrate. Glycosphingolipids are a group of lipids (more specifically, sphingolipids) and are a part of the cell membrane. (Wikipedia. 2025. Glycosphingolipid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosphingolipid)
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides. (Wikipedia. 2025. Ganglioside https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglioside)
Land owned by the national, regional or local government, often assigned to an authority in the public sector. Rangelands are often seen as state land by national governments. However, many traditional users and inhabitants still have customary institutions to manage the land. This is an example of tenure overlap. (Kelly D, Waters-Bayer A, Ulambayar T, Johnsen KI, Magero C & Niamir-Fuller M. 2024. Pastoralism and rangelands: people and institutions –a glossary of terms. Version 1. International Rangeland Congress in collaboration with Global Alliance for the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists https://iyrp.info/sites/default/files/2025-01/Glossary_pastoralism-rangelands_people-institutions-2024.pdf)
Spodosols are acid soils characterized by a subsurface accumulation of humus that is complexed with Al and Fe. (University of Idaho, 2024. Spodosols https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/soil-orders/spodosols)
A cow that is allowed to rear its own calf before this is reared for beef production rather than for milk production. (RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)
