Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paenibacillus)
American Foulbrood (AFB) is a serious disease of honey bees. It is caused by a spore forming bacteria called Paenibacillus larvae. It occurs throughout the world. (https://www.woah.org/en/disease/diseases-of-bees/)
European foulbrood is a bacterial disease of honey bees. It is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius (M. plutonius), often associated with other bacteria. These include Enterococcus faecalis, Achromobacter eurydice, Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus laterosporus. (Adapted from FAO. 2020. Good beekeeping practices: Practical manual on how to identify and control the main diseases
of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). TECA – Technologies and practices for small agricultural producers, 1.
Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9182en)
An unexpected or unpredictable event that is external to the specific entity or system, causing a disturbance in the equilibrium or permanence of something, which can either harm or boost it. (AGROVOC Team)
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a cluster of symptoms that involves many systems of the body. Certain bacterial infections release toxins into the bloodstream, which then spreads the toxins to body organs. This can cause severe damage and illness. (https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/toxic-shock-syndrome-tss)
Class of sepsis in which abnormalities of circulation, i.e. persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation, and/or of cellular metabolism are serious enough to increase mortality substantially (WIPO Pearl COVID-19 Glossary https://wipopearl.wipo.int/assets/static/WIPOPearl_COVID-19_Glossary.pdf Accessed 7 June 2023)
Capelin is a small pelagic fish with distribution in the polar and subpolar regions of the northern hemisphere. Capelin is a typical pelagic shoal fish that feeds on plankton organisms and is an important prey for predators higher up the food chain, especially cod. (https://www.hi.no/en/hi/temasider/species/capelin-in-the-barents-sea)
A refrigerator, commonly fridge, is a commercial and home appliance consisting of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from its inside to its external environment so that its inside is cooled to a temperature below the room temperature. (Wikipedia, 2024. Refrigerator https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator)
A device used to sterilize, killing pathogens by means such as heat, UV light, chemicals, etc, (Wiktionary. 2025. Sterilizer https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sterilizer)
An individual that has two copies of the same allele for a given gene on its two homologous chromosomes (FAO. 2001. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/Y2775E/y2775e00.htm)
