A species of insect belonging to the family Notodontidae (toothed moths) of the order Lepidoptera (butterflies), scientifically named Thaumetopoea pityocampa, whose adults have a wingspan of 30-40 mm, are brownish-gray spotted, and whose larvae feed on the leaves of pine trees, causing damage, increasing the damage by feeding in sacs located at the tips of the branches. Contact with the hairs on the larvae can cause itching and sores in people. (Translated from https://terimler.org/)
The Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck) is the most common internal feeding pest of stone fruits including peaches, nectarines, and plums; it may also infest apples. This pest can cause significant crop losses due to its destruction of the fruit pulp. (Yahia, Elhadi & Neven, Lisa & Jones, Robert. (2019). Postharvest Insects and Their Control. 10.1016/B978-0-12-813276-0.00016-X.)
Cydia nigricana is a major pest of cultivated peas, particularly those which are dry-harvested. Larvae bore into developing pods, causing disfigurement of the harvested crop, down-grading and lower prices. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 2025. https://eurasian-tortricidae.linnaeus.naturalis.nl/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/taxon.php?id=115612&epi=164)
Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. It is the toxic factor associated with celiac disease. (Adapted from National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Gliadin, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68005903)
