Molecular biology technique that applies high temperature and a DNA polymerase to a sample of DNA containing the target Sequence, thereby producing copies of small segments of the original DNA for use in further molecular and genetic analysis. (WIPO 2020. WIPO Pearl COVID-19 Glossary https://wipopearl.wipo.int/assets/static/WIPOPearl_COVID-19_Glossary.pdf)
Potato mop-top virus is seed- and soil-borne, and vectored by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. It is the causal agent of powdery scab on potato. Once established in fields, powdery scab can survive for up to 18 years in the absence of a potato crop. Potato mop-top virus is of economic importance to potato growers because it may affect tuber quality and may be transferred from seed to daughter tubers. (North Dakota State University. 2018. Potato Tuber Viruses: Mop-top Management. https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/sites/default/files/2021-05/a1777.pdf)
Potato virus X is the type‐member of the plant‐infecting Potexvirus genus in the family Alphaflexiviridae. The primary host is potato, but it infects a wide range of dicots. (Verchot J. Potato virus X: A global potato-infecting virus and type member of the Potexvirus genus. Mol Plant Pathol. 2022 Mar;23(3):315-320. doi: 10.1111/mpp.13163. Epub 2021 Nov 17. PMID: 34791766; PMCID: PMC8828454.)
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. PVY infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral strain. The mildest of these symptoms is production loss, but the most detrimental is 'potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease' (PTNRD). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_virus_Y)
The fixed assets used for the operation of the railway. It is land and property, signalling, power installations, and other equipment. Examples include stations, tracks, level crossings, tunnels and electrified lines. Vehicles are the locomotives or coaches than run on guided rails (Office of Rail and Road, 2024. Railway infrastructure and vehicle safety. https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/infrastructure)
The guanaco, Lama guanicoe, is a herbivorous, social ungulate that is the direct ancestor of the domestic llama. Native to South America, where it is the dominant ungulate of arid regions and scrubland. (Global Invasive Species Database (2023) Species profile: Lama guanicoe. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1641 on 11-05-2023.)
Note
Alpacas and llamas are domesticated forms of guanacos
Recreational fishing is defined as fishing of aquatic animals (mainly fish) that do not constitute the individual's primary resource to meet basic nutritional needs and are not generally sold or otherwise traded on export, domestic or black markets. Recreational fishing constitutes the dominant use of wild fish stocks in all freshwaters of industrialized countries, and it is prominent in many coastal ecosystems. (FAO, 2012. Recreational fisheries. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No. 13. Rome, FAO. 2012. 176p.https://www.fao.org/4/i2708e/i2708e00.htm)
Fishing by any means for personal use of the fish or for recreation. This includes angling, helping to land a fish, harvesting shellfish and spear fishing. Sport fishing does not include fishing for commercial purposes. (Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2022. Glossary of sport fishing terms https://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/fm-gp/rec/definitions-eng.html)
