Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of bovines that is caused by the accumulation of an abnormal protein called ‘prion’ in nervous tissue. Two forms can be distinguished: classical BSE (caused by C-type BSE agent), which occurs in bovines after ingesting prion contaminated feed, and atypical BSE (caused by H- and L-type agents), which is believed to occur spontaneously in all bovine populations. (https://www.woah.org/en/disease/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy/)
The ability of socio-ecological processes and activities to produce long-term environmental, social, technical, financial and cultural benefits. (FAO. 2023. The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en)
Farming systems that emphasize environmentally benign practices while also sustaining yield and net farm income, e.g. use of biologically based pest control methods (FAO, 2009. Desert Locust Glossary, Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region (CRC), http://www.fao.org/3/a-as983b.pdf)
The Union of Banana Exporting Countries (Spanish: Unión de Países Exportadores de Banano or UPEB) was a cartel of Central and South American banana exporting countries established in 1974, inspired by OPEC. Its aim was to achieve better remuneration from the North American banana trade oligopoly, which consisted of three US companies. It ceased functioning in 1975. (Wikipedia. 2025. Union of Banana Exporting Countries https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Banana_Exporting_Countries)
A chemical compound that is not produced by, and often cannot be degraded by, living organisms. (FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture, 2001)
A free-flowing solid formulation of a defined granule size range ready to use. (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Specs/JMPS_Manual_2016/3rd_Amendment_JMPS_Manual.pdf)
Aegilops tauschii (synonyms Aegilops squarrosa, Triticum tauschii), a wild goatgrass that was one of the parent species of bread wheat, when it crossed with tetraploid wheats in rare hybridization events in the Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago. (https://www.cimmyt.org/aegilops-tauschii-aegilops-squarrosa-triticum-tauschii-2/)
