Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and causes the disease toxoplasmosis. (CDC 2020, Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/biology.html)
Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the rootstock. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafting)
An approach to soil management that excludes conventional tillage operations that invert the soil and bury crop residues. There are five types of conservation tillage systems: no-tillage (slot planting), mulch tillage, strip or zonal tillage, ridge tillage (including no-till on ridges) and reduced or minimum tillage. (FAO. 2022. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture – Systems at breaking point. Main report. Rome.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9910en)
Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are metabolic neuropeptides, mediating mobilization of energy substrates in many insects. (Wikipedia. Adipokinetic hormone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipokinetic_hormone)
A cropping system that involves growing crops in a wide strip, typically 6 meters in width, between lines of closely planted, fast-growing trees or shrubs. These woody species are usually leguminous and are pruned frequently to provide a mulching material and nutrients to the crop in the alley. (http://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=5585&n=1&s=5&t=2)
An individual or plant other than the main or preferred host upon which a parasite (or its spores, eggs, larvae, etc.) or a disease organism (pathogen) could live. (IRRI, 2002. Acronyms and Glossary of Rice Related Terminology http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/acronyms-and-glossary-of-rice-related-terminology.pdf)
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer)
The seed of varieties produced by research stations. It is cultivated to produce foundation or basic seed, i.e. the first generation generally made available for multiplication by the commercial sector. (Seeds Toolkit, FAO, 2019 (http://www.fao.org/3/ca1490en/ca1490en.pdf))
Grain (as a commodity): Seeds (in the botanical sense) for processing or consumption, but not for planting. ([FAO, 1990; revised ICPM, 2001; CPM, 2016; CPM, 2021] in: IPPC Secretariat. 2023. Glossary of phytosanitary terms. International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 5. Rome. FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention.)
The alignment of chromosomes at homologous sequences. (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2010/MB_cgi?mode=&index=19619&field=all&HM=&II=&PA=&form=&input=)
DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) is an organo-chlorine, synthesized in 1874 but its insecticidal properties were discovered in 1939. DDT was first used during the World War II to combat malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. Subsequently it was used as an agricultural and household pesticide. (Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention, 2019. DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) https://chm.pops.int/Implementation/PesticidePOPs/DDT/Overview/tabid/378/Default.aspx)
