Good nursery-bed preparation and forming is necessary to ensure accurate sowing of seed; good conditions for plant growth; the use of specialist machinery; and ease of harvesting. It involves preparing raised seedbeds of fine tilth, ensuring that soil fertility is correct, and controlling weeds or other pathogens. (Mead, D.J. 2013. Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations. FAO Forestry Paper No. 170. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/4/i3274e/i3274e.pdf)
Planking is done to crush the hard clods and to smoothen surface soil and to compact the soil lightly. (Mechanization Package Punjab, Pakistan (2015), University Of Agriculture, Faisalabad)
A polisher is a machine for buffing (or "polishing") grain to change their appearance, taste, and texture. For example, rice poilishers are used or for transforming brown rice into white rice. (Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_polisher)
Movement of objects and the forces thereunto related, in a Newtonian Laws of Motion sense. (ohnson, R.K., B.J. Zahuranec, D. Boltovskoy and A.C. Pierrot-Bults. 2000. Glossary of Pelagic Biogeographic Terms.
https://scor-int.org/Working_Groups/WG93_Glossary.pdf)
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics)
In an inorganic fertilizer: refers to the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). An increase in plant growth most often results from the application of these essential nutrients to the water or soil. (International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments (1990) Water harvesting and aquaculture for rural development manuals. General manuals (9 pamphlets), Fertilization manuals (3 pamphlets) and Tilapia manuals (8 pamphlets). Auburn, Alabama (USA), Auburn University, v.p.)
Note
Nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are required in high quantities and correspond to macronutrients.
Primary tillage loosens the soil and mixes in fertilizer or plant material, resulting in soil with a rough texture. (Wikipedia. 2025. Tillage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage)
In woody plants, the outermost part of the root, formed by the meristem tissue at the root tip and not yet lignified, which is responsible for elongation, formation of lateral roots, and uptake of water and minerals. (Translated from http://terim.tuba.gov.tr/)
